The script begins with a DATA STEP that reads cancer information (cause, year, number of male and female cases, number of male and female deaths) from the DATALINES section. It then calculates the 'deaths' variable (total deaths) and converts 'mcases' and 'mdeaths' to negative values for a potential specific display or analysis reason. Next, a PROC SORT is used to sort the 'work.cancer' dataset and create 'work.cancer_sorted', ordering records by 'Ano' (year) and 'deaths' (deaths) in descending order. Finally, a PROC FORMAT is defined to create a custom picture format called 'positive' that formats numbers with thousands separators.
Data Analysis
Type : CREATION_INTERNE
Raw data is integrated directly into the SAS script via the DATALINES section of the DATA STEP, meaning it is internally created and does not depend on external files or pre-existing SAS libraries (with the exception of standard work libraries like WORK).
1 Code Block
DATA STEP Data
Explanation : This DATA STEP creates the 'work.cancer' dataset. It reads the variables 'cause', 'Ano', 'mcases', 'fcases', 'mdeaths', 'fdeaths' from the datalines. 'cause' is a 20-character string, 'Ano' is also read as a string (although it contains numbers), and the others are numeric. It calculates a new variable 'deaths' by adding 'mdeaths' and 'fdeaths'. The 'mcases' and 'mdeaths' variables are multiplied by -1, making them negative. This could be for graphical representation or a specific calculation where these values are treated as deductions.
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data work.cancer;
infile datalines;
input cause $ 1-20 Ano $ mcases fcases mdeaths fdeaths;
deaths=mdeaths + fdeaths;
mcases= -1 * mcases;
mdeaths= -1 * mdeaths;
datalines;
Câncer de Pulmão 2007 114760 98620 89510 70880
Câncer Colorretal 2007 55290 57050 26000 26180
Câncer de Mama 2007 2030 178480 450 40460
Câncer de Pâncreas 2007 18830 18340 16840 16530
Câncer de Próstata 2007 218890 0 27050 0
Leucemia 2007 24800 19440 12320 9470
Linfoma 2007 38670 32710 10370 9360
Câncer de Fígado 2007 13650 5510 11280 5500
Câncer de Ovário 2007 0 22430 0 15280
Câncer de Esôfago 2007 12130 3430 10900 3040
Câncer de Bexiga 2007 50040 17120 9630 4120
Câncer de Rim 2007 31590 19600 8080 4810
Câncer de Pulmão 1997 98300 79800 94400 66000
Câncer Colorretal 1997 45500 48600 22600 24000
Câncer de Mama 1997 1400 180200 290 43900
Câncer de Pâncreas 1997 13400 14200 13500 14600
Câncer de Próstata 1997 334500 0 41800 0
Leucemia 1997 15900 12400 11770 9540
Linfoma 1997 34200 26900 13220 12060
Câncer de Fígado 1997 9100 4500 7500 4900
Câncer de Ovário 1997 0 26800 0 14200
Câncer de Esôfago 1997 9400 3100 8700 2800
Câncer de Bexiga 1997 39500 15000 7800 3900
Câncer de Rim 1997 17100 11700 7000 4300
;
run;
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DATA work.cancer;
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INFILEDATALINES;
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INPUT cause $ 1-20 Ano $ mcases fcases mdeaths fdeaths;
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deaths=mdeaths + fdeaths;
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mcases= -1 * mcases;
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mdeaths= -1 * mdeaths;
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DATALINES;
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Câncer de Pulmão 2007114760986208951070880
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Câncer Colorretal 200755290570502600026180
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Câncer de Mama 2007203017848045040460
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Câncer de Pâncreas 200718830183401684016530
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Câncer de Próstata 2007218890 0 27050 0
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Leucemia 20072480019440123209470
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Linfoma 20073867032710103709360
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Câncer de Fígado 2007136505510112805500
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Câncer de Ovário 2007 0 22430 0 15280
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Câncer de Esôfago 2007121303430109003040
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Câncer de Bexiga 2007500401712096304120
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Câncer de Rim 2007315901960080804810
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Câncer de Pulmão 199798300798009440066000
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Câncer Colorretal 199745500486002260024000
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Câncer de Mama 1997140018020029043900
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Câncer de Pâncreas 199713400142001350014600
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Câncer de Próstata 1997334500 0 41800 0
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Leucemia 19971590012400117709540
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Linfoma 199734200269001322012060
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Câncer de Fígado 19979100450075004900
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Câncer de Ovário 1997 0 26800 0 14200
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Câncer de Esôfago 19979400310087002800
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Câncer de Bexiga 1997395001500078003900
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Câncer de Rim 1997171001170070004300
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;
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RUN;
2 Code Block
PROC SORT
Explanation : This PROC SORT takes the 'work.cancer' dataset as input and creates a new dataset named 'work.cancer_sorted'. Sorting is done in two steps: first by 'Ano' (year) in descending order, then by 'deaths' (total number of deaths) also in descending order. This allows the data to be ranked by the most recent years and, for each year, by the causes of cancer with the highest number of deaths.
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proc sort data=cancer out=cancer_sorted;
by descending Ano descending deaths;
run;
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PROC SORT
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DATA=cancer out=cancer_sorted;
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BY descending Ano descending deaths;
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RUN;
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3 Code Block
PROC FORMAT
Explanation : This PROC FORMAT defines a custom picture format called 'positive'. This format is designed to display positive numbers (from 0 to the 'high' maximum value) with thousands separators, for example, '123,456'. Negative numbers (from 'low' to less than 0) are also formatted in the same way, which seems to indicate that the format is intended to be applied to absolute numbers or displays that do not distinguish the sign, but rather the magnitude with specific formatting.
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