This script explores the advanced features of the PROC FORMAT procedure with the PICTURE statement. It demonstrates how to use strftime-like directives (e.g., %Y, %m) to format datetime values. It includes examples for standard formatting, handling rounding, using 'datetime_util' to represent midnight as 24:00:00, and formatting durations (intervals).
Data Analysis
Type : CREATION_INTERNE
All data is dynamically generated in DATA _NULL_ steps using datetime literals.
1 Code Block
PROC FORMAT
Explanation :
Creation of a 'dbdate' picture format to display a datetime value in standard YYYY-MM-DD:HH:MM:SS format.
Creation of a 'dbdate' picture format to display a datetime value in standard YYYY-MM-DD:HH:MM:SS format.
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| 1 | title1 '12.2.1 Picture Formats'; |
| 2 | title2 'Using Date Directives'; |
| 3 | PROC FORMAT; |
| 4 | picture dbdate |
| 5 | other = '%Y-%0m-%0d:%0H:%0M:%0S' (datatype=datetime); |
| 6 | RUN; |
2 Code Block
DATA STEP Data
Explanation :
Application of the 'dbdate' format in a Data _NULL_ step and via a macro variable with %sysfunc.
Application of the 'dbdate' format in a Data _NULL_ step and via a macro variable with %sysfunc.
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| 1 | DATA _null_; |
| 2 | now = '11sep2010:15:05:27'dt; |
| 3 | put now=; |
| 4 | put now= dbdate.; |
| 5 | call symputx('selldate',now); |
| 6 | RUN; |
| 7 | |
| 8 | %put %sysfunc(putn(&selldate,dbdate.)); |
3 Code Block
PROC FORMAT
Explanation :
Definition of formats to display the full (%B) or abbreviated (%b) month name from a datetime value.
Definition of formats to display the full (%B) or abbreviated (%b) month name from a datetime value.
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| 1 | PROC FORMAT; |
| 2 | picture monthname |
| 3 | other = '%B ' (datatype=datetime); |
| 4 | picture monthabb |
| 5 | other = '%b ' (datatype=datetime); |
| 6 | RUN; |
4 Code Block
DATA STEP Data
Explanation :
Test displaying formatted month names.
Test displaying formatted month names.
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| 1 | DATA _null_; |
| 2 | now = '11sep2010:15:05:27'dt;; |
| 3 | put now=; |
| 4 | put now= monthname.; |
| 5 | put now= monthname3.; |
| 6 | put now= monthabb.; |
| 7 | RUN; |
5 Code Block
PROC FORMAT
Explanation :
Creation of a format with the (round) option to handle rounding of seconds during display.
Creation of a format with the (round) option to handle rounding of seconds during display.
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| 1 | PROC FORMAT; |
| 2 | picture myDayT (round) |
| 3 | low - high = '%0d%b%0Y:%0H:%0M:%0S'(datatype=datetime) |
| 4 | ; |
| 5 | RUN; |
6 Code Block
DATA STEP Data
Explanation :
Demonstration of the rounding effect on datetime values near the next second or next day.
Demonstration of the rounding effect on datetime values near the next second or next day.
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| 1 | DATA _null_; |
| 2 | datetime = '01apr2011:12:34:56.7'dt; |
| 3 | put datetime=myDayT.; |
| 4 | datetime = '01apr2011:23:59:59.7'dt; |
| 5 | put datetime=myDayT.; |
| 6 | RUN; |
7 Code Block
PROC FORMAT
Explanation :
Usage of datatype=datetime_util to allow midnight to be displayed as '24:00:00' instead of '00:00:00' of the next day, useful in the utility industry.
Usage of datatype=datetime_util to allow midnight to be displayed as '24:00:00' instead of '00:00:00' of the next day, useful in the utility industry.
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| 1 | PROC FORMAT; |
| 2 | picture abc (default=19) |
| 3 | other='%Y-%0m-%0d %0H:%0M:%0S' (datatype=datetime_util); |
| 4 | RUN; |
8 Code Block
DATA STEP Data
Explanation :
Comparison of display for exact midnight and one second after midnight with the special format.
Comparison of display for exact midnight and one second after midnight with the special format.
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| 1 | DATA _null_; |
| 2 | x = '01nov2008:00:00:00'dt; put x=abc.; |
| 3 | x = '01nov2008:00:00:01'dt; put x=abc.; |
| 4 | RUN; |
9 Code Block
PROC FORMAT
Explanation :
Formatting a duration (difference between two dates) using the %n directive to count the total number of days.
Formatting a duration (difference between two dates) using the %n directive to count the total number of days.
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| 1 | PROC FORMAT; |
| 2 | picture durtest(default=27) |
| 3 | other='%n days %H hours %M minutes' (datatype=time); |
| 4 | RUN; |
10 Code Block
DATA STEP Data
Explanation :
Calculation of a difference between two datetimes and display of the result as a duration (days, hours, minutes).
Calculation of a difference between two datetimes and display of the result as a duration (days, hours, minutes).
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| 1 | DATA _null_; |
| 2 | start = '01jan2010:12:34'dt; |
| 3 | END = '01feb2010:18:36'dt; |
| 4 | diff = END - start; |
| 5 | put diff=durtest.; |
| 6 | RUN; |
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