Graphs with broken axes

The script initializes ODS options for graphic output. It creates two internal datasets: 'TallBar' via datalines to demonstrate a bar chart with an extreme value, and 'outOfRange' via a generative DATA STEP for a scatter plot with distributed values and an outlier. Then, it uses PROC SGPLOT to create a simple bar chart, a bar chart with a 'Full' broken Y-axis, a scatter plot with a 'Bracket' broken Y-axis, and a scatter plot with a 'Spark' broken Y-axis while configuring axis extensions.

Data Analysis

Type : CREATION_INTERNE

All data used ('TallBar' and 'outOfRange') is created directly within the SAS script via DATA STEPS and datalines or random data generation, without dependency on external sources or the SASHELP library.

1 Code Block

Macro Variables/ODS

Explanation :
Defines macro variables `gpath` for the image output path and `dpi` for dots per inch resolution. Closes the default ODS HTML destination and opens the ODS LISTING destination with a 'listing' style, configuring the image output path and resolution.

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1	%let gpath='.';
2	%let dpi=200;
3	ods html close;
4	ods listing style=listing gpath=&gpath image_dpi=&dpi;

2 Code Block

DATA STEP Data

Explanation :
Creates the SAS dataset named `TallBar`. It contains two variables: `X` (character) and `Y` (numeric). The data is provided directly in the script via the `datalines` statement, including a significantly larger value (400 for 'E') which will be used to illustrate the need for a broken axis.

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1	DATA TallBar;
2	INPUT X $ Y;
3	DATALINES;
4	A 10
5	B 15
6	C 12
7	D 17
8	E 400;
9	RUN;

3 Code Block

PROC SGPLOT

Explanation :
Generates a simple vertical bar chart. `ods graphics` resets graphics parameters, sets the width, height, and output image name. `proc sgplot` is used with the `TallBar` dataset, and the `vbar x` statement creates the bars, `response=y` specifies the response variable, `nostatlabel` suppresses statistical labels, and `fillattrs` applies fill attributes.

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1	ods graphics / reset width=5in height=3in imagename='Bar';
2	PROC SGPLOT DATA=tallbar;
3	vbar x / response=y nostatlabel fillattrs=graphdata1;
4	RUN;

4 Code Block

PROC SGPLOT

Explanation :
Creates a bar chart with a 'broken' Y-axis to handle the extreme value of 'E'. The `yaxis ranges` option divides the Y-axis into two segments (from `min` to 44 and from 384 to `max`), visually creating a break. `baselineattrs=(thickness=0)` makes the baseline invisible, and `values` sets the axis ticks.

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1	ods graphics / reset width=5in height=3in imagename='BarBrokenAxisFull';
2	PROC SGPLOT DATA=tallbar;
3	vbar x / response=y nostatlabel fillattrs=graphdata2 baselineattrs=(thickness=0);
4	yaxis ranges=(min-44 384-max) values=(0 to 400 BY 10);
5	RUN;

5 Code Block

DATA STEP Data

Explanation :
Creates the SAS dataset named `outOfRange` for a scatter plot. It generates 100 observations with random values for `x` and `y` using the `ranuni` function. An additional observation `(x=0.5, y=9.1)` is manually added to create a standout value, useful for demonstrating broken axes in scatter plots.

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1	DATA outOfRange;
2	keep x y;
3	DO i=1 to 100;
4	x=ranuni(2); y=ranuni(2) + 0.3*x; OUTPUT;
5	END;
6	x=0.5; y=9.1; OUTPUT;
7	RUN;

6 Code Block

PROC SGPLOT

Explanation :
Generates a scatter plot with a 'bracket' style broken Y-axis. `ods listing style=analysis` changes the output style. `styleattrs axisbreak=bracket` activates the 'bracket' style for the axis break. The `reg` statement adds a linear regression line with confidence limits (clm). `yaxis ranges` and `values` configure the Y-axis display.

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1	ods listing style=analysis;
2	ods graphics / reset width=5in height=3in imagename='ScatterBrokenAxisBracket';
3	PROC SGPLOT DATA=outOfRange;
4	styleattrs axisbreak=bracket;
5	reg x=x y=y / clm markerattrs=(size=5);
6	yaxis ranges=(min-1.5 8.9-max) values=(0 to 10 BY 0.2) valueshint;
7	RUN;

7 Code Block

PROC SGPLOT

Explanation :
Creates a scatter plot with a 'spark' style broken Y-axis. `ods listing style=journal` changes the output style. `styleattrs axisbreak=spark axisextent=data` activates the 'spark' style for the axis break and ensures axis extensions are data-based. `nowall` and `noborder` respectively remove the background and border of the graph. The Y-axis is configured similarly to the previous graph to show the break.

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1	ods listing style=journal;
2	ods graphics / reset width=5in height=3in imagename='ScatterBrokenAxisSpark';
3	PROC SGPLOT DATA=outOfRange nowall noborder;
4	styleattrs axisbreak=spark axisextent=DATA ;
5	reg x=x y=y / clm markerattrs=(size=5);
6	yaxis ranges=(min-1.5 8.9-max) values=(0 to 10 BY 0.2) valueshint;
7	RUN;

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