Calculating Grades and Averages for Students

The script consists of three pairs of DATA STEP / PROC PRINT blocks. The first block (Grades1) calculates an average in two ways to highlight missing value handling, then assigns a grade. The second block (Grades2) shows an alternative syntax for range comparisons. The third block (Grades3) demonstrates the use of logical operators AND (&) and OR (|) to modify a calculation. Each created table is then displayed with PROC PRINT.

Data Analysis

Type : CREATION_INTERNE

Student data is integrated directly into each DATA step via the 'DATALINES' statement, making the script self-contained.

1 Code Block

DATA STEP Data

Explanation :
This block creates the 'Grades1' table. It reads student data. 'actualavg' is calculated with the MEAN function, which ignores missing values. 'avgscore' is calculated manually, which propagates missing values (the result will be missing if a grade is missing). A series of IF/ELSE IF conditions assigns a textual grade to the 'result' variable based on 'avgscore'.

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1	DATA Grades1;
2	LENGTH RESULT $12.;
3	INPUT subj 1-4 name $ 5-23 sex exam1 exam2 exam3 exam4 exam5 project finalexam;
4	actualavg = mean(exam1,exam2,exam3,exam4,exam5,project,finalexam);
5	avgscore = (exam1+exam2+exam3+exam4+exam5+project+finalexam)/7;
6
7	IF avgscore=. THEN RESULT='Invalid'; * missing value;
8	ELSE IF avgscore >= 90 THEN RESULT='A+';
9	ELSE IF avgscore >= 88 AND avgscore < 90 THEN RESULT='A';
10	ELSE IF avgscore >= 86 AND avgscore < 88 THEN RESULT='B';
11	ELSE IF avgscore >= 84 AND avgscore < 86 THEN RESULT='C';
12	ELSE IF avgscore < 84 THEN RESULT='F';
13
14	DATALINES;
15	1011 Alia Bhatt 2 100 65 83 84 99 91 96
16	1012 Maria Smith 1 78 82 86 . 100 95 97
17	1111 Thomas Jones 2 88 81 96 69 91 90 98
18	1121 Benedictine Arnold 2 68 82 82 89 89 93 99
19	1301 Trisha Gupta 1 51 69 79 59 85 64 100
20	;
21	RUN;

2 Code Block

PROC PRINT

Explanation :
This procedure displays the 'name', 'actualavg', 'avgscore', and 'result' columns from the 'Grades1' table to visualize the results of the first DATA STEP.

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1
2	PROC PRINT
3	DATA=Grades1;
4	var name actualavg avgscore RESULT;
5	RUN;
6

3 Code Block

DATA STEP Data

Explanation :
This block creates the 'Grades2' table. It is similar to the first but uses an alternative syntax for range conditions (e.g., '90<=x<=100') to assign the grade. It uses an intermediate variable 'x' for the average calculation.

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1	DATA Grades2;
2	LENGTH RESULT $12.;
3	INPUT subj 1-4 name $ 5-23 sex exam1 exam2 exam3 exam4 exam5 project finalexam;
4	actualavg = mean(exam1,exam2,exam3,exam4,exam5,project,finalexam);
5	x = (exam1+exam2+exam3+exam4+exam5+project+finalexam)/7;
6
7	IF x=. THEN RESULT='Invalid'; * missing value;
8	ELSE IF 90<=x<=100 THEN RESULT='A+';
9	ELSE IF 88<=x<90 THEN RESULT='A';
10	ELSE IF 86<=x<88 THEN RESULT='B';
11	ELSE IF 84<=x<86 THEN RESULT='C';
12	ELSE IF 0<=x<84 THEN RESULT='F';
13
14	avgscore = x;
15
16	DATALINES;
17	1011 Alia Bhatt 2 100 65 83 84 99 91 96
18	1012 Maria Smith 1 78 82 86 . 100 95 97
19	1111 Thomas Jones 2 88 81 96 69 91 90 98
20	1121 Benedictine Arnold 2 68 82 82 89 89 93 99
21	1301 Trisha Gupta 1 51 69 79 59 85 64 100
22	;
23	RUN;

4 Code Block

PROC PRINT

Explanation :
This procedure displays the 'name', 'actualavg', 'avgscore', and 'result' columns from the 'Grades2' table.

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1
2	PROC PRINT
3	DATA=Grades2;
4	var name actualavg avgscore RESULT;
5	RUN;
6

5 Code Block

DATA STEP Data

Explanation :
This block creates the 'Grades3' table. It calculates an average 'x' rounded to one decimal place. Then, it uses a complex condition with the logical operators 'AND' (& or and) and 'OR' (|) to create a new variable 'y'. 'y' is incremented by 1 if the first three exam scores are increasing OR if exam scores 3 to 5 are increasing.

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1	DATA Grades3;
2	INPUT subj 1-4 name $ 5-23 sex exam1 exam2 exam3 exam4 exam5 project finalexam;
3	x = round(((exam1+exam2+exam3+exam4+exam5+project+finalexam)/7),1);
4
5	IF (exam1
6	THEN y=x+1;
7	ELSE y=x;
8
9	DATALINES;
10	1011 Alia Bhatt 2 100 65 83 84 99 91 96
11	1012 Maria Smith 1 78 82 86 . 100 95 97
12	1111 Thomas Jones 2 88 81 96 69 91 90 98
13	1121 Benedictine Arnold 2 68 82 82 89 89 93 99
14	1301 Trisha Gupta 1 51 69 79 59 85 64 100
15	;
16	RUN;

6 Code Block

PROC PRINT

Explanation :
This procedure displays the grades, the calculated average 'x', and the conditional value 'y' from the 'Grades3' table to illustrate the effect of logical operators.

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1
2	PROC PRINT
3	DATA=Grades3;
4	var name exam1 exam2 exam3 exam4 exam5 x y;
5	RUN;
6

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